The Regius Lecture 2026

Does the liberal peace remain relevant in an era of apparent democratic decline? Research on ‘liberal peace’ emphasises how pairs of countries are less likely to see violent conflict when both states are democratic, have stronger economic ties, and share membership in international organisations. After the end of the Cold War, research on ‘liberal peace’ fostered optimism about a more peaceful global future, as it was widely expected that more countries would become democratic, that economies would become increasingly connected across borders with globalisation, and that international organisations would be strengthened. But this optimism is now increasingly replaced by pessimism. Democracy is not expanding, and perceived as in decline in many parts of the world. Globalisation and trade liberalisation faces threats from greater protectionism and emphasis on self-reliance. And the growing divergence between the major powers has often left the UN and international organisations side-lined and irrelevant in current global crises. A lecture by Regius Professor Kristian Gleditsch (Department of Government, University of Essex) will be followed by a roundtable discussion featuring: Philip Cunliffe (Associate Professor in International Relations, Department of Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London) Professor Faten Ghosn (Head of the Department of Government, University of Essex) and chaired by Professor Shane Martin (Acting Executive Dean, Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Essex) The panel will examine: • To what extent do current trends threaten the premise for a liberal peace? • To what extent do the changes we have observed translate into clear expectations or predictions for increased risks of violent conflict? • Was the idea of a liberal rules-based order mainly a fictional ritual - as suggested by Canadian PM Mark Carney, and decisively shattered by Trump - or can a meaningful liberal order endure without US leadership? • What can we learn about the strength and relevance of mechanisms for liberal constraints on conflict, including in imperfect democracies? Book your place for what promises to be a timely and thought-provoking discussion A drinks reception will follow the roundtable.